Hill, Ada & Boone, Beth, National Writing Project... If Maslow Taught Writing, The Regents of University of California, Berkeley, 1982.
The authors present different approaches to reach the reluctant writers in five chapters. They operate on the basic ideals that, “Teachers can’t motivate students, but they can be sensitive to their different motivational levels and find different ways to respond to these.” Therefore, by adhering to Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of human needs and the learning styles of students, writing teachers who are sensitive to the varying needs and abilities of their students will provide a safe environment for even the most reluctant writer.
Many of the strategies recommend teachers trust their intuition, and monitor and adjust. The author created “Writing Gripes” matrix provides valuable feedback from the students, not as a labeling tool, but to plan for teaching strategies and assignments. Depending on the students’ honest response to five of the categories, the teacher is able to determine their needs level.
Basic Needs: The student has writing materials, the physical ability to write, and knowledge of the language.
Safety-Level Needs: The student has access to help – talking while writing, help with spelling and punctuation to alleviate fears of “correctness” as the only criteria.
Belonging-Level Needs: Successfully grouping students in peer editing groups to become helpers, supporters, and editors in the writing process.
Ego-Level Students: If pay-off matches the students’ needs, they have the potential and ability to be fairly skilled writers.
Students are given the opportunity to select types of assignments based on their needs.
Basic Needs Students: These students are usually very reluctant, and do little, if any, writing.
Safety-Level Students: Structured assignments, detailed prewriting, ongoing guidance and support, and simple, relevant, practical assignments help these often non-motivated writers.
Belonging-Level Students: The teacher continues to provide initial instruction and assistance. After extensive training students for peer/edit groups, the teacher shares the roles of helper, supporter, editor, and eventually evaluator with the student groups.
Ego-Level Students: Combine the attention provided to safety-level students, with an opportunity for pay-off to meet the needs of these students. The student will be best motivated and improve with assignments in which they have personal investment.
Self-Actualizing Students: These students are most motivated if left alone to follow their own devices to choose, experiment, grow, and sometimes fail.
The writers suggest an approach that applies Maslow’s motivational theory combined with best practices, to provide students assignments that more accurately match their abilities. The comments about choice made by one of their students include, “Not everyone is alike, so you should be able to have the right to show your difference. I felt it was a good way to show our independence and give us a better chance at a better grade.”